The Human and Social Dimension of Urban Lightscapes by Daria Casciani

Author:Daria Casciani
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
ISBN: 9783030571658
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

4.2.3 Lighting Scenarios: Design and Description

Six alternative lighting scenarios were designed, taking into account the research questions and the lighting infrastructure available. The horizontal and vertical illuminance (Ev and Eh) values were set up to be compliant to the normative and codes of practice (DiLaura et al. 2011; BSI 5489.1:2003 + A2: 2008), related to the lighting of squares and semi-opened public/private urban spaces. The experiment was conducted, comparing in pairs six different lighting modes: A1 (carpet of light warm), A2 (carpet of light cold), B1 (peripheral background), B2 (central foreground), C1 (layered orderly), C2 (layered disorderly). Carpet of light (A1–A2) was designed to ensure uniform and overhead lighting in the whole space: the two compared lighting scenarios presented two opposite CCT (3000 K and 6000 K); meanwhile, they had the same average Ev and Eh. Uniform lighting refers to ambient lighting (Kelly 1952) and is supposed to enable the users to get their bearing, providing a feeling of safety. B1–B2 lighting conditions were designed to create non-uniform lighting distribution in different functional zones of the space, ensuring that visual contact points of entrance and exit (gates) were always lit. The lighting scenarios were enhancing the peripheral background (B1) or the central foreground (B2) and showed a contrast between lit and dark areas. Finally, the layered approach was defined by general dimmed warm ambient lighting, and high-intensity accents focused on different architectural and functional elements of the space such as the perimeter, the benches and the columns. The accent lighting was designed in an orderly way with a neutral CCT (C1) or in a disorderly way with mixed warm and cold CCTs (C2). The dark-and-light juxtaposition refers to focal glow (Kelly 1952), useful to highlight visual cues, to emphasize specific areas, to create hierarchies of perception, and to attract attention. In Table 4.1, the lighting conditions are represented through tonemapped images, luminance images, and measured values. The assessment of environmental luminance was conducted through High Dynamic Range (HDR) photographic images. A Canon Eos 550D camera equipped with a standard lens (18–55 mm) was used for the production of the images. These were subsequently processed by means of two open-source software programs: Luminance HDR (2019) for tone mapping and HDRscope (“HDRscope” 2019; Kumaragurubaran and Inanici 2013) for deriving luminance maps that enable the understanding of the lighting distribution in the environment (Decuypere et al. 2009; Inanici 2006).Table 4.1Description of the lighting conditions and measured features

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